26 results
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
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- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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- By Ainsworth Shaaron, Ayres Paul, Azevedo Roger, Bediou Benoit, Britt Anne, Kirsten R. Butcher, Chen Fei, Michelene T. H. Chi, Richard E. Clark, Ruth Colvin Clark, Sharon J. Derry, David F. Feldon, Fiorella Logan, J. D. Fletcher, Arthur C. Graesser, Hegarty Mary, HU Xiangen, Allison J. Jaeger, Janssen Jeroen, Cheryl I. Johnson, Ton De Jong, Kalyuga Slava, Kester Liesbeth, Kirschner Femke, Paul A. Kirschner, Susanne P. Lajoie, Ard W. Lazonder, Leutner Detlev, Low Renae, Richard K. Lowe, Richard E. Mayer, Benjamin D. Nye, Paas Fred, Pilegard Celeste, Jan L. Plass, Heather A. Priest, Renkl Alexander, Rouet Jean-FranÇois, Christopher A. Sanchez, Scheiter Katharina, Schmeck Annett, Schnotz Wolfgang, Ruth N. Schwartz, Bruce L. Sherin, Miriam Gamoran Sherin, Sweller John, Tobias Sigmund, Tamara Van Gog, Jeroen J. G. Van MerriËNboer, Jennifer Wiley, Alexander P. Wind, Ruth Wylie
- Edited by Richard E. Mayer, University of California, Santa Barbara
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- The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning
- Published online:
- 05 August 2014
- Print publication:
- 28 July 2014, pp ix-x
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- By Frank Andrasik, Melissa R. Andrews, Ana Inés Ansaldo, Evangelos G. Antzoulatos, Lianhua Bai, Ellen Barrett, Linamara Battistella, Nicolas Bayle, Michael S. Beattie, Peter J. Beek, Serafin Beer, Heinrich Binder, Claire Bindschaedler, Sarah Blanton, Tasia Bobish, Michael L. Boninger, Joseph F. Bonner, Chadwick B. Boulay, Vanessa S. Boyce, Anna-Katharine Brem, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, Floor E. Buma, Mary Bartlett Bunge, John H. Byrne, Jeffrey R. Capadona, Stefano F. Cappa, Diana D. Cardenas, Leeanne M. Carey, S. Thomas Carmichael, Glauco A. P. Caurin, Pablo Celnik, Kimberly M. Christian, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo G. Cohen, Adriana B. Conforto, Rory A. Cooper, Rosemarie Cooper, Steven C. Cramer, Armin Curt, Mark D’Esposito, Matthew B. Dalva, Gavriel David, Brandon Delia, Wenbin Deng, Volker Dietz, Bruce H. Dobkin, Marco Domeniconi, Edith Durand, Tracey Vause Earland, Georg Ebersbach, Jonathan J. Evans, James W. Fawcett, Uri Feintuch, Toby A. Ferguson, Marie T. Filbin, Diasinou Fioravante, Itzhak Fischer, Agnes Floel, Herta Flor, Karim Fouad, Richard S. J. Frackowiak, Peter H. Gorman, Thomas W. Gould, Jean-Michel Gracies, Amparo Gutierrez, Kurt Haas, C.D. Hall, Hans-Peter Hartung, Zhigang He, Jordan Hecker, Susan J. Herdman, Seth Herman, Leigh R. Hochberg, Ahmet Höke, Fay B. Horak, Jared C. Horvath, Richard L. Huganir, Friedhelm C. Hummel, Beata Jarosiewicz, Frances E. Jensen, Michael Jöbges, Larry M. Jordan, Jon H. Kaas, Andres M. Kanner, Noomi Katz, Matthew S. Kayser, Annmarie Kelleher, Gerd Kempermann, Timothy E. Kennedy, Jürg Kesselring, Fary Khan, Rachel Kizony, Jeffery D. Kocsis, Boudewijn J. Kollen, Hubertus Köller, John W. Krakauer, Hermano I. Krebs, Gert Kwakkel, Bradley Lang, Catherine E. Lang, Helmar C. Lehmann, Angelo C. Lepore, Glenn S. Le Prell, Mindy F. Levin, Joel M. Levine, David A. Low, Marilyn MacKay-Lyons, Jeffrey D. Macklis, Margaret Mak, Francine Malouin, William C. Mann, Paul D. Marasco, Christopher J. Mathias, Laura McClure, Jan Mehrholz, Lorne M. Mendell, Robert H. Miller, Carol Milligan, Beth Mineo, Simon W. Moore, Jennifer Morgan, Charbel E-H. Moussa, Martin Munz, Randolph J. Nudo, Joseph J. Pancrazio, Theresa Pape, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Kristin M. Pearson-Fuhrhop, P. Hunter Peckham, Tamara L. Pelleshi, Catherine Verrier Piersol, Thomas Platz, Marcus Pohl, Dejan B. Popović, Andrew M. Poulos, Maulik Purohit, Hui-Xin Qi, Debbie Rand, Mahendra S. Rao, Josef P. Rauschecker, Aimee Reiss, Carol L. Richards, Keith M. Robinson, Melvyn Roerdink, John C. Rosenbek, Serge Rossignol, Edward S. Ruthazer, Arash Sahraie, Krishnankutty Sathian, Marc H. Schieber, Brian J. Schmidt, Michael E. Selzer, Mijail D. Serruya, Himanshu Sharma, Michael Shifman, Jerry Silver, Thomas Sinkjær, George M. Smith, Young-Jin Son, Tim Spencer, John D. Steeves, Oswald Steward, Sheela Stuart, Austin J. Sumner, Chin Lik Tan, Robert W. Teasell, Gareth Thomas, Aiko K. Thompson, Richard F. Thompson, Wesley J. Thompson, Erika Timar, Ceri T. Trevethan, Christopher Trimby, Gary R. Turner, Mark H. Tuszynski, Erna A. van Niekerk, Ricardo Viana, Difei Wang, Anthony B. Ward, Nick S. Ward, Stephen G. Waxman, Patrice L. Weiss, Jörg Wissel, Steven L. Wolf, Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Sharon Wood-Dauphinee, Ross D. Zafonte, Binhai Zheng, Richard D. Zorowitz
- Edited by Michael Selzer, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo Cohen, Gert Kwakkel, Robert Miller, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
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- Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
- Published online:
- 05 May 2014
- Print publication:
- 24 April 2014, pp ix-xvi
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- By Frank Andrasik, Melissa R. Andrews, Ana Inés Ansaldo, Evangelos G. Antzoulatos, Lianhua Bai, Ellen Barrett, Linamara Battistella, Nicolas Bayle, Michael S. Beattie, Peter J. Beek, Serafin Beer, Heinrich Binder, Claire Bindschaedler, Sarah Blanton, Tasia Bobish, Michael L. Boninger, Joseph F. Bonner, Chadwick B. Boulay, Vanessa S. Boyce, Anna-Katharine Brem, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, Floor E. Buma, Mary Bartlett Bunge, John H. Byrne, Jeffrey R. Capadona, Stefano F. Cappa, Diana D. Cardenas, Leeanne M. Carey, S. Thomas Carmichael, Glauco A. P. Caurin, Pablo Celnik, Kimberly M. Christian, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo G. Cohen, Adriana B. Conforto, Rory A. Cooper, Rosemarie Cooper, Steven C. Cramer, Armin Curt, Mark D’Esposito, Matthew B. Dalva, Gavriel David, Brandon Delia, Wenbin Deng, Volker Dietz, Bruce H. Dobkin, Marco Domeniconi, Edith Durand, Tracey Vause Earland, Georg Ebersbach, Jonathan J. Evans, James W. Fawcett, Uri Feintuch, Toby A. Ferguson, Marie T. Filbin, Diasinou Fioravante, Itzhak Fischer, Agnes Floel, Herta Flor, Karim Fouad, Richard S. J. Frackowiak, Peter H. Gorman, Thomas W. Gould, Jean-Michel Gracies, Amparo Gutierrez, Kurt Haas, C.D. Hall, Hans-Peter Hartung, Zhigang He, Jordan Hecker, Susan J. Herdman, Seth Herman, Leigh R. Hochberg, Ahmet Höke, Fay B. Horak, Jared C. Horvath, Richard L. Huganir, Friedhelm C. Hummel, Beata Jarosiewicz, Frances E. Jensen, Michael Jöbges, Larry M. Jordan, Jon H. Kaas, Andres M. Kanner, Noomi Katz, Matthew S. Kayser, Annmarie Kelleher, Gerd Kempermann, Timothy E. Kennedy, Jürg Kesselring, Fary Khan, Rachel Kizony, Jeffery D. Kocsis, Boudewijn J. Kollen, Hubertus Köller, John W. Krakauer, Hermano I. Krebs, Gert Kwakkel, Bradley Lang, Catherine E. Lang, Helmar C. Lehmann, Angelo C. Lepore, Glenn S. Le Prell, Mindy F. Levin, Joel M. Levine, David A. Low, Marilyn MacKay-Lyons, Jeffrey D. Macklis, Margaret Mak, Francine Malouin, William C. Mann, Paul D. Marasco, Christopher J. Mathias, Laura McClure, Jan Mehrholz, Lorne M. Mendell, Robert H. Miller, Carol Milligan, Beth Mineo, Simon W. Moore, Jennifer Morgan, Charbel E-H. Moussa, Martin Munz, Randolph J. Nudo, Joseph J. Pancrazio, Theresa Pape, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Kristin M. Pearson-Fuhrhop, P. Hunter Peckham, Tamara L. Pelleshi, Catherine Verrier Piersol, Thomas Platz, Marcus Pohl, Dejan B. Popović, Andrew M. Poulos, Maulik Purohit, Hui-Xin Qi, Debbie Rand, Mahendra S. Rao, Josef P. Rauschecker, Aimee Reiss, Carol L. Richards, Keith M. Robinson, Melvyn Roerdink, John C. Rosenbek, Serge Rossignol, Edward S. Ruthazer, Arash Sahraie, Krishnankutty Sathian, Marc H. Schieber, Brian J. Schmidt, Michael E. Selzer, Mijail D. Serruya, Himanshu Sharma, Michael Shifman, Jerry Silver, Thomas Sinkjær, George M. Smith, Young-Jin Son, Tim Spencer, John D. Steeves, Oswald Steward, Sheela Stuart, Austin J. Sumner, Chin Lik Tan, Robert W. Teasell, Gareth Thomas, Aiko K. Thompson, Richard F. Thompson, Wesley J. Thompson, Erika Timar, Ceri T. Trevethan, Christopher Trimby, Gary R. Turner, Mark H. Tuszynski, Erna A. van Niekerk, Ricardo Viana, Difei Wang, Anthony B. Ward, Nick S. Ward, Stephen G. Waxman, Patrice L. Weiss, Jörg Wissel, Steven L. Wolf, Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Sharon Wood-Dauphinee, Ross D. Zafonte, Binhai Zheng, Richard D. Zorowitz
- Edited by Michael E. Selzer, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo G. Cohen, Gert Kwakkel, Robert H. Miller, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
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- Book:
- Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
- Published online:
- 05 June 2014
- Print publication:
- 24 April 2014, pp ix-xvi
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MALT90: The Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz Survey
- J. M. Jackson, J. M. Rathborne, J. B. Foster, J. S. Whitaker, P. Sanhueza, C. Claysmith, J. L. Mascoop, M. Wienen, S. L. Breen, F. Herpin, A. Duarte-Cabral, T. Csengeri, S. N. Longmore, Y. Contreras, B. Indermuehle, P. J. Barnes, A. J. Walsh, M. R. Cunningham, K. J. Brooks, T. R. Britton, M. A. Voronkov, J. S. Urquhart, J. Alves, C. H. Jordan, T. Hill, S. Hoq, S. C. Finn, I. Bains, S. Bontemps, L. Bronfman, J. L. Caswell, L. Deharveng, S. P. Ellingsen, G. A. Fuller, G. Garay, J. A. Green, L. Hindson, P. A. Jones, C. Lenfestey, N. Lo, V. Lowe, D. Mardones, K. M. Menten, V. Minier, L. K. Morgan, F. Motte, E. Muller, N. Peretto, C. R. Purcell, P. Schilke, Schneider-N. Bontemps, F. Schuller, A. Titmarsh, F. Wyrowski, A. Zavagno
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- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 30 / 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 November 2013, e057
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The Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz (MALT90) survey aims to characterise the physical and chemical evolution of high-mass star-forming clumps. Exploiting the unique broad frequency range and on-the-fly mapping capabilities of the Australia Telescope National Facility Mopra 22 m single-dish telescope1, MALT90 has obtained 3′ × 3′ maps towards ~2 000 dense molecular clumps identified in the ATLASGAL 870 μm Galactic plane survey. The clumps were selected to host the early stages of high-mass star formation and to span the complete range in their evolutionary states (from prestellar, to protostellar, and on to $\mathrm{H\,{\scriptstyle {II}}}$ regions and photodissociation regions). Because MALT90 mapped 16 lines simultaneously with excellent spatial (38 arcsec) and spectral (0.11 km s−1) resolution, the data reveal a wealth of information about the clumps’ morphologies, chemistry, and kinematics. In this paper we outline the survey strategy, observing mode, data reduction procedure, and highlight some early science results. All MALT90 raw and processed data products are available to the community. With its unprecedented large sample of clumps, MALT90 is the largest survey of its type ever conducted and an excellent resource for identifying interesting candidates for high-resolution studies with ALMA.
Use of Compton scattering measurements for attenuation corrections in Rietveld phase analysis with an external standard
- S. Pratapa, B. H. O’Connor, I-M. Low
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- Journal:
- Powder Diffraction / Volume 13 / Issue 3 / September 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 January 2013, pp. 166-170
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Mass attenuation coefficient corrections, for Rietveld phase analysis with an external compositional calibration standard, may be made using Compton scattering intensities measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The method is mainly useful for Rietveld phase analysis when mixing an internal standard is impossible or undesirable. The validity of the method has been demonstrated using a suite of alumina-zirconia powders of known composition. Also presented are results for a typical application—determination of phase composition depth profiles defining the graded compositional character of an aluminium titanate/zirconia-alumina ceramic composite.
II.—The Igneous Rocks of the Ashprington Area
- I. H. Lowe
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- Journal:
- Geological Magazine / Volume 6 / Issue 8 / August 1919
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 May 2009, pp. 350-359
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In South Devon the outcrops of Middle Devonian igneous rocks form a series of roughly parallel bands, which broaden out and occupy a continuous area about twelve square miles in extent in the neighbourhood of Ashprington village. No detailed account of the petrological characters of these rocks has been given, although similar types have been described fully in the Plymouth Survey Memoir. For this reason, and also in the hope that further study might explain more completely the cause of the broadened outcrop, I investigated many exposures in the Ashprington area.
Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis: N-methyl-N′-nitrosoguanidine-induced mutants of Propionibacterium shermanii
- N. H. Georgopapadakou, J. Petrillo, A. I. Scott, B. Low
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- Journal:
- Genetical Research / Volume 28 / Issue 1 / August 1976
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- 14 April 2009, pp. 93-100
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An isolation method for N-methyl-N′-nitrosoguanidine-induced catalase negative mutants of P. shermanii based on replica plating is described. In contrast to previous methods, it extends to the early stages of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis which are common in both corrins and porphyrins. It may thus aid in elucidating the mechanism and control of porphyrin and corrin biosynthesis. Some preliminary results are discussed.
Nematicidal effects of cysteine proteinases against sedentary plant parasitic nematodes
- G. STEPEK, R. H. C. CURTIS, B. R. KERRY, P. R. SHEWRY, S. J. CLARK, A. E. LOWE, I. R. DUCE, D. J. BUTTLE, J. M. BEHNKE
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 134 / Issue 12 / November 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2007, pp. 1831-1838
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Cysteine proteinases from the fruit and latex of plants, such as papaya, pineapple and fig, have previously been shown to have substantial anthelmintic efficacy, in vitro and in vivo, against a range of animal parasitic nematodes. In this paper, we describe the in vitro effects of these plant extracts against 2 sedentary plant parasitic nematodes of the genera Meloidogyne and Globodera. All the plant extracts examined caused digestion of the cuticle and decreased the activity of the tested nematodes. The specific inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, E-64, blocked this activity completely, indicating that it was essentially mediated by cysteine proteinases. In vitro, plant cysteine proteinases are active against second-stage juveniles of M. incognita and M. javanica, and some cysteine proteinases also affect the second-stage juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis. It is not known yet whether these plant extracts will interfere with, or prevent invasion of, host plants.
Intake and performance of growing pigs fed diets containing 0, 150, 300 or 450 g/kg molassed or plain sugar beet pulp
- J. C. Bulman, A. C. Longland, A. G. Low, H. D. Keal, J. I. Harland
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) / Volume 1989 / March 1989
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- 22 November 2017, p. 32
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- March 1989
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The energy value of feedstuffs with a high content of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) has rarely been measured accurately. The aim of this study was to measure the intake, performance and carcass characteristics of growing pigs given 0, 150, 300 or 450 g plain (P) or molassed (M) sugar beet pulp per kg diet (using substitution for barley). This NSP source was chosen because it is known to be highly digestible by pigs (Longland et al., 1988) and because it is widely available. This work forms part of our programme to evaluate fibrous feeds which may be useful, without or with modification, as alternatives to cereal grains.
Each diet was given to twelve Large White x Landrace pigs. Equal numbers of entire male and female pigs were given each diet. Their initial weight was 18 kg and the pigs were killed two days after their weight exceeded 77.5 kg. The pigs were kept Individually, without straw, at a temperature of 20 ± 3°C.
1 - Introduction
- R. B. Austin, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
- With R. B. Flavell, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, I. E. Henson, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, H. J. B. Lowe, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
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- Molecular Biology and Crop Improvement
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- 04 August 2010
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- 19 June 1986, pp 1-4
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Summary
During the last two decades there has been a dramatic increase in our understanding of the chemistry and biology of nucleic acids. It is now possible to isolate individual genes and determine their structure, to modify the structure in a directed way and, for some organisms, to achieve a particular change in the function of the organism, with the gene active either in its ‘natural’ background or in a different organism.
It is widely believed that these techniques can be applied to crop plants, greatly to aid the production of improved varieties. It is the aim of this report to examine in detail for wheat, oilseed rape and faba beans the objectives of breeders of these crops in the EEC and to assess the scope for applying the techniques of molecular biology to achieve these objectives.
Taking a long perspective, it is known that for several millenia man has selected crops for ease of cultivation and harvest, greater yield, appropriate quality and resistance to pests and diseases. Scientific breeding, involving deliberate hybridisation followed by selection of the segregating progeny for particular traits of interest, has, with few exceptions, been carried out for less than a century.
Over this period there have been major changes in agricultural practices, notably the much greater use of fertilisers and the introduction of selective herbicides and improved pesticides and fungicides. These changes have relieved some constraints on yield and breeders have responded by modifying the form and growth patterns of their crops so that they can better exploit the improved environment.
3 - Molecular biology and plant breeding
- R. B. Austin, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
- With R. B. Flavell, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, I. E. Henson, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, H. J. B. Lowe, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
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- Molecular Biology and Crop Improvement
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- 04 August 2010
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- 19 June 1986, pp 19-35
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Summary
In the context of this report, molecular biology is the study of genes (DNA), their primary products (messenger RNAs) and their secondary products (proteins). Molecular biology thus complements ‘classical’ plant biochemistry, which deals with tertiary gene products, that is, molecules made or transformed by enzymes, including intermediary metabolites, secondary metabolites and those which have a structural and storage role.
The upsurge of research in molecular biology in recent years has been made possible by the improvement in biochemical techniques that were first developed many years ago, the discovery of restriction endonucleases and the capacity to manipulate genes following the discovery of methods for recombining DNA molecules and propagating them in E. coli. More recently, there have been considerable improvements in the methods for determining the base sequences of DNA and for synthesising oligonucleotides semi-automatically. Also, it is now possible to insert genes into some plants so that the effects of specific modifications of a plant genotype can be determined. Together, these techniques will enable new insights to be gained into many hitherto unresolved questions in plant biology. Foremost examples are the molecular basis of responses to environmental factors and the regulation of differentiation and development. As noted earlier, this knowledge of fundamental processes will enhance assessment of the scope for engineering particular changes in plant form and function and so enable attainable targets for genetic manipulation to be defined. The techniques themselves will provide breeders with the means for making directed changes in plant genotypes, so creating new opportunities for plant improvement programmes.
2 - Crop improvement by breeding
- R. B. Austin, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
- With R. B. Flavell, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, I. E. Henson, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, H. J. B. Lowe, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
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- Book:
- Molecular Biology and Crop Improvement
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- 04 August 2010
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- 19 June 1986, pp 5-18
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Summary
Traditional methods
The technology of plant breeding has developed from the science of genetics. But as crop improvement by breeding depends on recognition of particular traits needed for achieving high and stable yield, pest and disease resistance and quality, success in breeding also depends on an understanding of plant physiology, pathology and biochemistry.
The fundamental concept of genetics is the gene, the unit of inheritance. Each gene controls or influences some aspect of plant behaviour and the gene complement, or genome of a plant consists of 104–105 genes. A proportion of the genes can exist in more than one form, or allele, at any given locus, and so individuals of a species with the same loci, but with different allelic variants, will be different in their form or function. Many genes are common to most organisms. For a given species, an even greater proportion of the genes will be the same for all individuals, and only a relatively small proportion will display allelic variation. Traditional plant breeding is concerned mainly with the directed reassortment of the allelic variants to produce a combination, or genotype, which best approaches a supposed ideal combination. The allelic variants of many genes have very small effects (i.e. the difference between the alleles of a particular gene have only minor consequences for plant form or function), but some have larger easily recognisable effects. Loci which have allelic forms with very different effects are relatively easy to manipulate by crossing and selection.
Further reading
- R. B. Austin, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
- With R. B. Flavell, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, I. E. Henson, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, H. J. B. Lowe, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
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- Book:
- Molecular Biology and Crop Improvement
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- 04 August 2010
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- 19 June 1986, pp 112-114
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4 - Wheat
- R. B. Austin, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
- With R. B. Flavell, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, I. E. Henson, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, H. J. B. Lowe, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
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- Molecular Biology and Crop Improvement
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- 04 August 2010
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- 19 June 1986, pp 36-69
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Summary
The economic incentives offered by the EEC Common Agricultural Policy, coupled with the availability of new technology, have greatly stimulated the production of wheat in member states both in terms of the area grown and the yield of grain per hectare. Taking the UK, the wheat area has increased from 0.8 M ha in 1970 to 1.96 M ha in 1984, and the yield per hectare from close to 4 t ha−1 to 7.5 t ha−1 in 1984. Similar increases in yield have occurred in France, Germany, Holland and Belgium. The EEC is now a net exporter of wheat and is in competition with lower-cost producers. Clearly, in breeding new varieties emphasis needs to be given to improved quality to make the product more attractive to purchasers. To reduce production costs, increased resistance to pests and diseases is needed. However, as long as land prices remain at their present level in real terms, farmers will also be able to reduce unit costs of production as or more effectively by growing higher yielding varieties. Thus there will remain the incentive for breeders to produce higher yielding varieties. In summary, therefore, breeders’ broad objectives are not likely to be influenced substantially by the level of production of wheat in the countries of the EEC.
Numerous non-traditional uses for wheat grain and for wheat straw have been suggested. These outlets will gain acceptance in the long term only if they are economic in comparison with competing products. It is beyond the scope of this report to assess these issues.
5 - Oilseed rape
- R. B. Austin, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
- With R. B. Flavell, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, I. E. Henson, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, H. J. B. Lowe, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
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- Book:
- Molecular Biology and Crop Improvement
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- 04 August 2010
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- 19 June 1986, pp 70-87
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Frontmatter
- R. B. Austin, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
- With R. B. Flavell, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, I. E. Henson, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, H. J. B. Lowe, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
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- Book:
- Molecular Biology and Crop Improvement
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- 04 August 2010
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- 19 June 1986, pp i-iv
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7 - Conclusion
- R. B. Austin, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
- With R. B. Flavell, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, I. E. Henson, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, H. J. B. Lowe, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
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- Molecular Biology and Crop Improvement
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- 19 June 1986, pp 101-110
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Summary
Recombinant DNA technology is a rapidly developing subject which offers many entirely new opportunities for making directed changes to plant genotypes. It may supplement the many techniques already used by breeders to increase the yield, pest and disease resistance and quality of crops, but has not yet been demonstrated to be generally useful. Provided that an appropriate level of funding is maintained, and appropriate collaboration between scientists working at different levels is achieved, the next two decades should permit the new technology to be further developed and properly tried and tested. To facilitate this, it is necessary to identify objectives for plant transformation which are thought to be biologically possible and economically desirable. Where conventional genetic methods can be used to modify plants, they will often be easier and so preferable to methods based on gene isolation and transfer. However, the latter may prove to be the only means for transferring genes from widely different organisms. Table 7.1 shows which of the different techniques of plant molecular biology can presently be applied to each of the three crops covered by this report.
Plants which have been genetically engineered by recombinant DNA technology to introduce a desired gene or trait will need to be subjected to rigorous testing in the same way as the segregating progenies from conventional breeding programmes. Further, the exploitation of particular new or altered genes may require adjustment of the general genetic background which can only be achieved by using the genes in conventional breeding programmes.
References
- R. B. Austin, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
- With R. B. Flavell, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, I. E. Henson, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, H. J. B. Lowe, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
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- Book:
- Molecular Biology and Crop Improvement
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- 04 August 2010
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- 19 June 1986, pp 111-111
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Preface
- R. B. Austin, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
- With R. B. Flavell, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, I. E. Henson, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute, H. J. B. Lowe, Cambridge Plant Breeding Institute
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- Molecular Biology and Crop Improvement
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- 04 August 2010
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- 19 June 1986, pp vii-viii
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Summary
This book is the report of a study on opportunities for the application of molecular biology to crop improvement in the EEC, with particular reference to wheat, oilseed rape and faba bean, carried out by the Plant Breeding Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, under contract to the Commission of the European Communities (Division for Genetics and Biotechnology).
The Division called for an assessment of the opportunities for the application of molecular biology to the improvement of three species which play an important role in European agriculture, namely wheat, oilseed rape and faba beans. We considered that an assessment of this kind should be based on existing knowledge of these crops. From this, the need for particular improvements could be identified and an assessment made of the opportunity for making them offered by the available techniques of molecular and cell biology.
The main conclusions from the study are:
The biochemical study of genes and their primary products will continue to be of great value for research in plant biology. Through such research, a much better understanding will be gained of the molecular basis of growth and differentiation, of responses to environmental factors and of hast–pathogen and hast–pest interactions.
The ability to insert foreign and modified genes into plants, when better developed, will offer entirely new opportunities for making defined, limited changes to plant genotypes. Comparison of the modified and original genotypes will enable unequivocal tests to be made of alleged limiting points in plant metabolism and of the basis of resistance to particular pests and pathogens. This work will also show how improvements in yield, quality and pest and pathogen resistance may be achieved.